LLC’s have several unique features that you should be aware of:
The next tool that we use to protect investment real estate is the Limited Liability Company or LLC. LLC’s are the new kid on the block, having been created about 25 years ago. Slowly, each state adopted its own version of the Limited Liability Act and now all states have given them their blessing.
Because of the last three features, LLC’s are being used more and more for retail and service businesses, in addition to real estate. So, are Limited Partnerships a thing of the past? No, not really. They still have their place. One situation is when you want control centralized in one person (or entity). Also, some states have an additional tax that they impose on LLC’s. So, it’s important to understand your particular needs prior to setting up your next entity.
There is no easy answer to that question, it really depends on the type of business, where it is, the number of “partners” or shareholders and what other entities you may already have. But, here are some guidelines:
If and if this is your first business, you probably want a flow through entity. That way, if your business loses money during the start up phase (as so many businesses do), you can offset other earned income by the amount your business actually lost. Sole proprietorships and general partnerships are out, because of the horrible liability they expose you to.
That leaves us with “S” corporations and LLC’s that have taken the “S” election for tax purposes. Some, but not all states treat LLC’s less favorably, so that will affect the ultimate entity choice. I lean towards LLC’s because of the added asset protection resulting from the charging order. They also have relaxed rules concerning the keeping corporate minutes and resolutions and other corporate formalities.
Historically, we place real estate into a limited partnership; especially for projects where there are passive investors. Limited partnerships provide a clear demarcation of management and ownership, and carry the added benefit of the charging order.
Yet, LLC’s also work well with real estate, especially for individuals who are investing by themselves. They provide the asset protection of a separate entity; the added protection and deterrent affect of the charging order and give you flexibility as to the tax effects.
The ultimate question is which entity(s) will best serve you now for your current business purpose. Often, the answer is, in apart, a matter of timing.